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艙外航天服冷熱電一體化系統(tǒng)性能分析

Performance of extravehicular activity space suit: a combined system of cooling,heating and power

  • 摘要: 文章提出了一種艙外航天服冷熱電一體化(Combined Cooling-Heating-Power,CCHP)系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)的主要組件有質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池、熱驅(qū)制冷裝置、金屬氫化物儲氫裝置和輻射器等。在冷熱電一體化系統(tǒng)的冷電匹配方法上提出了“以電定冷”方案,按照該方案計算了一組典型工況下系統(tǒng)的工作狀態(tài),分析了燃料電池的工作溫度、工作電流密度和工作壓力對系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量和消耗性工質(zhì)損失的影響。結(jié)果表明,該艙外航天服冷熱電一體化系統(tǒng)在質(zhì)量大小方面可以接受,在消耗性工質(zhì)損失方面比水升華器冷源/蓄電池電源方案小得多;且降低燃料電池工作溫度和壓力、增大燃料電池工作電流密度,均能夠減小系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量、降低系統(tǒng)消耗性工質(zhì)損失。

     

    Abstract: A combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system for extravehicular activity (EVA) space suit is proposed in this paper. The CCHP system mainly consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a heat driving cooling device, a metal hydride hydrogen storage device and a radiator. A Power Supply Priority scheme is proposed for the CCHP system in order to match both the power supply and the cooling request. Based on the PSP scheme, the operation state parameters and the mass of the CCHP system are calculated under a typical working condition. Influences of the PEMFC's working temperature, the current density and the pressure on the system mass and the expendable material loss are analyzed. The results show that the mass of the EVA space suit CCHP system is acceptable, and the expendable material loss is much less than that of the water sublimator/storage battery scheme. Lowering the PEMFC working temperature and pressure, or raising the PEMFC's current density, would lead to a lighter system and less expendable material loss.

     

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