國(guó)際空間站艙內(nèi)空氣溫濕度控制技術(shù)綜述

Overview ofcabin air temperature and humidity control techniques in International Space Station

摘要: 與非載人航天器不同的是，載人航天器有環(huán)控生保系統(tǒng)，而艙內(nèi)空氣溫濕度控制又是環(huán)控生保系統(tǒng)的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。文章跟蹤和介紹了國(guó)際空間站各艙內(nèi)的溫濕度控制方案，包括設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)、硬件組成及所采用的技術(shù)；重點(diǎn)評(píng)述了國(guó)際空間站艙內(nèi)溫濕度控制系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備——冷凝干燥器組件及其降溫除濕原理；最后結(jié)合NASA近年來(lái)研究的多孔滲水冷凝干燥器，指出未來(lái)冷凝干燥器的發(fā)展方向。

Abstract: The environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) for a manned space craft is quite different from that for all unmanned spacecraft, with the cabin air temperature and humidity control (THC) as a key part. Taking the US cabin as an example, the paper reviews the scenarios of each cabin THC onboard the ISS, including the design indices, the buildup of the hardware and the techniques adopted. The key techniques of the THC onboard the ISS are discussed, including the condensing heat exchanger (CHX), and its internal mechanisms ofthe heat eliminating and the vapor condensing. With a new type porous media CHX ofNASA in mind, the paper comments on the development direction ofthe future CHX.