陀螺經(jīng)緯儀在大型航天產(chǎn)品精測中的應(yīng)用

Application of gyrotheodolite for alignment in large spacecraft installation process

摘要: 陀螺經(jīng)緯儀通常是做某一方向與當(dāng)?shù)卮蟮乇毕虻姆轿唤顷P(guān)系測量用。文章針對“天宮一號”目標(biāo)飛行器精測中遇到的問題，即高空不同平臺間兩臺設(shè)備需要姿態(tài)關(guān)系測量的需求，通過對陀螺經(jīng)緯儀測量原理的研究，借助大地坐標(biāo)系作為中間傳遞坐標(biāo)系，解決了經(jīng)緯儀測量因互瞄被遮擋無法建立基準(zhǔn)鏡坐標(biāo)系間關(guān)系的問題。測量誤差分析結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了這種新方法的可行性，該方法可用于大型航天產(chǎn)品設(shè)備安裝精度的測量。

Abstract: The gyrotheodolite is a kind of orientation instrument commonly used for determining the azimuth angle relative to the local North．In the AIT process of Tiangong-I target spacecraft, it is required to determine the attitude of two devices at operation platforms of different heights. On that condition, two theodolites may be blocked due to alignment between each other, thus it is unable to set up the relationship between the datum cube mirrors. To solve that problem, the geodetic coordinates are used as a transfer coordinate system to obtain the angle relationships. This new method for gyrotheodolite measurement is shown to be feasible with a satisfactory error analysis result, which can be used for similar precision measurements of large spacecraft.