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空間站有效載荷真空支持系統(tǒng)方案評述

A review of schemes of the vacuum support system for payload onboard space station

  • 摘要: 有效載荷真空支持系統(tǒng)是空間有效載荷支持系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,為空間有效載荷實驗的順利進行提供真空環(huán)境支持和保證。文章詳細分析了國際空間站包括美國“命運號”實驗艙(USL)、歐空局哥倫布軌道艙(APM)及日本實驗艙(JEM)內(nèi)的有效載荷真空支持系統(tǒng)方案及使用情況;對美國實驗艙內(nèi)的一號微重力材料科學機柜及微重力燃燒科學機柜內(nèi)部專用的真空支持系統(tǒng)作了主要介紹;最后提出了我國空間站有效載荷真空支持系統(tǒng)的初步方案設(shè)想,即合理安排有效載荷實驗進行次序,將廢氣排放子系統(tǒng)及真空資源子系統(tǒng)合二為一,以節(jié)約資源,提高可靠性。

     

    Abstract: The vacuum support system is a key part of the service systems for space payloads, to provide a vacuum environment for payload experiments carried out onboard the space station. This paper analyzes the scheme of such a system taking the payloads in each experiment module onboard the International Space Station (ISS) as examples, including the US Destiny experiment module (USL), the ESA Columbus module (APM) and the Japanese experiment module (JEM). The vacuum service systems in the first Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR-1) and the microgravity Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) are demonstrated in detail. A preliminary scheme for the coming space station of China is proposed. By arranging the payload experiments in order, and combining the waste gas exhaustion subsystem and the vacuum resource subsystem, the resource can be saved and the reliability enhanced.

     

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